Publié le
J'ai créé ce guide après avoir exploré chaque recoin de l'archipel où je vis. Mes meilleures adresses confidentielles locales, les spots authentiques loin des sentiers battus, et tout ce que les guides classiques ne disent pas.
🎁 Offerts : accès à vie au club membre, Bingo Cards et livret d'adresses confidentielles. Disponible en français — mis à jour régulièrement.
J’ai mis à jour mon article en juillet 2026 – vous voulez connaître mon avis sur Air Caraïbes honnête et complet ?
Then you've come to the right place 😄 to get an Air Caraïbes review based on many flights since 2004 until today: in particular, flights taken during the years I worked for this airlinefrom its first transatlantic flights between Paris and Guadeloupe to its present-day evolution.
Over the years, I've held a number of positions, including Customer Experience Innovation Manager.
I no longer work for Air Caraïbes as of 2019. I now devote myself to my full-time activities for our company. We Love New York & We Love Guadeloupe.
Now, I travel on Air Caraïbes every 3 months on average between Paris and Guadeloupe, living in both places and working for our company. That's why I know each class inside out, having sold them to customers when I started my career 😉
Louer une voiture en Guadeloupe meilleur prix En Guadeloupe, la voiture est indispensable pour explorer l'île comme il se doit. Rentiles regroupe les meilleurs loueurs locaux indépendants — des tarifs imbattables que vous ne trouverez pas ailleurs.
This airline experience taught me a lot airlines' strategies on the Paris Antilles/Guyane transatlantic routes but also on the challenges of this air market.
So you don't have to worry about the relevance of my review of Air Caraïbes 😊 I haven't been paid and I don't have any shares in this company haha 😄 even though we remain partners, but that doesn't change my honesty because that's what our readers have appreciated for years.
Ready to find out more?
⛔️ If you wish to make a complaint to Air Caraïbes : this article is not intended to receive complaints. All comments should be constructive. There is no need to aggressively share your bad experience. You have the Air Caraïbes customer service, other pages for that online. Any such comments will not be published. Many thanks for your understanding.
✈️ Who is Air Caraïbes?
First of all, do you know who Air Caraïbes is, with its sublime traveler's tree logo?
First of all, Air Caraïbes is a scheduled French airlineCaribbean specialist.
A magical cruise in a small group in the Grand-Cul-de-Sac-Marin lagoon 3 snorkeling stops - duration 8h
Its first transatlantic flight took place on December 12, 2003. This subsidiary of the Vendée-based Dubreuil is now the preferred airline of many West Indians. It belongs to the same group as French bee airline.
To this day, traveling with Air Caraïbes remains a source of pride for me, especially as I support the airline that best reflects the image of our archipelago, and for which I have worked for many years.
Please note for your trip: Air Caraïbes's IATA code is TX, which means that your flight number will begin with this commercial identification. TX. It appears on your e-tickets and on airport screens with the easily recognizable logo.
🌎 Which destinations does Air Caraïbes serve?
Air Caraïbes operates flights from Paris Orly 4 to several destinations: Guadeloupe (Pointe-à-Pitre), Martinique (Fort-de-France), French Guiana (Cayenne), Dominican Republic (Santo Domingo and Punta Cana) and Mexico (Cancun).
In the morning, you'll see its logo several times on the Orly 4 departure notice board 😄.
✈️ How long is the flight from Paris to Pointe-à-Pitre?
A flight from Paris to Guadeloupe takes an average of 8 hours 40 minutes. That may seem like a long time, but in the end it goes by quickly if you organize your flight well so as not to see the time go by 😄: reading, film, nap, etc.
These are often the last hours of the ORY PTP daytime flight, which are the longest because the return flight is a night flight that arrives early in the morning, so you'll be cutting your night's sleep short.
My friendly advice: for your arrival in Guadeloupe, remember to book in advance your car rental in Guadeloupe especially in high season, so you can rest easy when you arrive.
Air Caraïbes aircraft and cabins
Crédit de la magnifique photo ci-dessus 🔝Osiiris’Fly by Les Clichées de Ludo – n’hésitez pas à suivre son compte Instagram @osiiris_fly
The Air Caraïbes fleet
On departure from Paris Orly 4, Air Caraïbes is a modern fleet of 10 Airbus (A350-1000, A350-900, A330) and in the West Indies from 3 ATR 72-600. You won't be able to miss them on the tarmac at Orly 4 and Pointe-à-Pitre 😄.
L’A350 est un avion moderne et performant qui a de nombreux atouts. Air Caraïbes a d’ailleurs fait partie des premières compagnies aériennes à le commander à Airbus.
If you're traveling on an A330, don't worryIn addition, we have retrofitted all our units to ensure optimum comfort.
I mention each cabin in these articles ⬇️ to avoid this one being too long. I've flown in all of them several times, including the Madras - Business class, for business trips.
Soleil class (economy), read the article - Caribbean class (eco premium), read the article and Madras (business) (article coming soon).
Air Caraïbes A350 Plan
You will find here the A350-900 cabin layout and here A350-1000 cabin layout. You can also this virtual tour.
AIR CARAIBES REVIEW
Les classes Air Caraïbes, mon avis global + résumé pour chacune d’entre elles
AIR CARAIBES REVIEW
My opinion of Air Caraïbes in 6 points
A standard Eco Soleil class
First of all, let me say this, especially for travelers who often visit other destinations: Air Caraïbes ECO cabin is, for example, incomparable to that of Emirates for a Paris/Dubai flight. It is indeed narrower for Guadeloupe, regardless of the airline. The markets are different.
Since I was a child, economy class on Guadeloupe and Martinique has been less spacious than on other destinations. I must admit that this is a point that still needs fine-tuning for all airlines on this transatlantic networkTX has clearly helped to raise the quality of Economy Class services between Paris and Guadeloupe.
A Premium Caribbean Class with excellent value for money
Secondly, the Premium Air Caraïbes is really worth it. Mon avis se base sur des dizaines d’expériences de vol dans cette cabine. Je la prends souvent et je vous la recommande autant pour le confort à bord que pour tous les services liés : embarquement prioritaire, livraison plus rapide des bagages, comptoir d’enregistrement prioritaire, service à bord plus personnalisé.
Accessible Madras Business Class
Third, the price of Madras Business Class remains affordable compared to other airlines. I personally find it very pleasant, having flown it several times, but I've already heard from friends that it doesn't meet their expectations as much as another airline's Business on the New York route, for example.
A modern fleet
Fourthly, despite everything, I really think that Air Caraïbes has contributed to the evolution of comfort between Paris & Guadeloupe and inspired its competitors with its modern fleet.
The best in-flight service on flights to the West Indies
Fifth, in my opinion, Air Caraïbes offers between Paris and the French West Indies/Guyana, the best on-board offer in economy class - I've already flown Corsair and Air France, and not just once: a warm welcome, comfort that's still decent in economy (for people with a large build or tall people, I really recommend Caribbean class), meals, entertainment, service from the cabin crew.
In fact, when I was working in customer experience, I used to look at the responses to the satisfaction questionnaire, and on-board service always got top marks for economy, premium and business class.
Punctuality
Sixthly, punctuality used to be one of the most common reasons for dissatisfied customers. Well, that's a nice change.
Air Caraïbes seems to have greatly improved this point, as each of my flights leaves almost on time, or at least the delay can be made up. I travel with the company very often and I find that punctuality has progressed enormously in the right direction.
AIR CARAIBES REVIEW
Soleil Class - Economy
Air Caraïbes' Soleil class is a cabin with 326 seats on the A350-900 and 360 seats on the A350-1000.
Visit cabin baggage allowance is 1 piece of luggage and 1 accessory for a maximum of 12 kilos.
Visit hold baggage allowance The maximum weight of the Soleil is 23 kilos for the Soleil Smart and Soleil Flex rates, except for the 2 x 23-kilo youth rate. The Soleil Basic rate does not include deductibles.
Visit meal includedfor all Sun Class fares. There are no extras to add.
💡 14 things to remember about Air Caraïbes' Economy cabin
-leather seats on the A350-1000 and A330, fabric seats on the A350-900
-Seat: 42 cm
-space between seats: 81 cm
-120° seat tilt
-10 seats abreast for the A350-900 and A350-1000, i.e. 3-4-3
-9 seats abreast for the A350-300, i.e. 3-3-3
-a hot towel and an aperitif before the meal
-le choix entre deux plats au déjeuner ou dîner avec le choix de boissons (sauf pour les vols de/vers Haïti, La République Dominicaine, Cuba).
-a snack on flights from Paris with a choice of beverages
-breakfast on flights departing from the Caribbean/Guyana with choice of beverages
-a snack on flights from Paris with a choice of beverages
-a comfort kit
-25 cm HD tilting touchscreen with USB connector (choice of 50 films, TV series, documentaries, music, etc.)
-a socket for plugging in electronic devices (except on board the A350-900)
My opinion of the meals served on board? Whatever the cabin, it's often very good 😊 .
AIR CARAIBES REVIEW
Caribbean Class - Eco Premium
Eco Premium cabin with 45 seats on the A350-900, also the A350-1000.
The cabin baggage allowance is 1 bag and 1 accessory per 12 kilos maximum.
The hold baggage allowance is 2 x 23 kilos maximum (except for connecting passengers to/from Saint-Barthélémy).
💡 16 things to remember about Air Caraïbes' Eco Premium cabin
At the airport: dedicated check-in desk, queue-cutting, priority boarding
-velvet seats on the A350-1000 and A350-900, fabric seats on the A330
-Seat: 45 cm
-seat pitch: 97 cm for the A350-1000, 89 cm for the A350-900, 92 cm for the A330
-seat tilt: 125
-7 seats abreast for the A350-1000 and A330, i.e. 2-3-2
-9 seats abreast for the A350-900, i.e. 3-3-3
-a footrest for the A350-900
-a hot towel and a champagne aperitif before the meal
-le choix entre deux plats au déjeuner ou dîner avec le choix de boissons (sauf pour les vols de/vers Haïti, La République Dominicaine, Cuba).
-a snack on flights from Paris with a choice of beverages
-breakfast on flights departing from the Caribbean/Guyana with choice of beverages
-a snack on flights from Paris with a choice of beverages
a plant-inspired comfort kit in recycled cotton and burlap
-30 cm HD tilting touchscreen with USB connector (choice of 50 films, TV series, documentaries, music, etc.)
-a socket for plugging in electronic devices
Read my full review of the Caribbean class and find out how to get the best fare., read this article.
AIR CARAIBES REVIEW
The Madras class
It's a Business cabin with 18 seats on the A350-900, 24 seats on the A350-1000, 12 seats on the A330.
The cabin baggage allowance is 1 bag and 1 accessory per 12 kilos maximum.
The hold baggage allowance is 2 x 23 kilos maximum (except for connecting passengers to/from Saint-Barthélémy).
💡15 things to remember about Air Caraïbes' Madras cabin
At the airport: Dedicated check-in desk, VIP lounges, priority boarding, queue-cutting, access to VIP lounges
-velvet seats on the A350-1000 and A350-900, fabric seats on the A330
seat: 48 cm
-space between seats: 155 cm
-seat recline: 180° for the A350-1000 and A350-900, 160° for the A330
-6 seats abreast, i.e. 2-2-2
-a hostess dedicated to cabin service
orange blossom-scented hot towel and champagne aperitif before the meal, hot or cold appetizers.
-choice of two courses at lunch or dinner with tablecloth service and choice of drinks
-a snack on flights from Paris with a choice of beverages
-a hot breakfast for flights departing from the Caribbean/Guyana with a choice of beverages
-a snack on flights from Paris with a choice of beverages
-a comfort kit with the cocooning spirit of a sweatshirt
-43 cm HD tilting touchscreen with USB connector (choice of 50 films, TV series, documentaries, music, etc.)
-a socket for plugging in electronic devices
My good plan for your miles: if you travel regularly to the Caribbean/Guyana, I strongly advise you to take out the Préférence frequent flyer card, which is a great way to accumulate miles quickly. They allow you to benefit from free tickets and services according to the number accumulated. You need to fill it in for each booking.
Meals and drinks on board
Air Caraïbes meals included
Meals and drinks are served free of charge on Air Caraïbes transatlantic flights.
Comme je le souligne plus haut, vous avez le choix entre deux plats chauds sauf sur les rotations en classe soleil de / vers La Havane, Santiago de Cuba, Port-au-Prince, Saint-Domingue, San Salvador et Punta Cana.
For children : a child's meal is automatically offered for children aged 2 to 8 inclusive. Beyond this age, and up to 11, you must make a request to Air Caraïbes. No charge.
Special meals
More than 48 hours before takeoff, you can order a special meal in the Manage my reservations area of the Air Caraïbes website: kosher, muslim, lacto-ovo vegetarian, vegan, fish-based, gluten-free, teen, VIP or regional.
Prices are announced on this page of the Air Caraïbes website.
On-board entertainment
The films
Want to know what videos are currently being shown on board? Consult this catalog of the company.
It's impossible to get bored with 50 films in English and French, over 70 albums to listen to, 39 documentaries, 6 TV series, concerts and shows and other entertainment.
How many films am I watching? An average of 2 films per flight between take-off, meals, sleep and sometimes a bit of reading. Sometimes I don't even touch my screen for the whole flight.
Wifi
It's possible to connect to wifi on board if you're traveling in an A350.
USB socket integrated into display
A must on long-haul flights. It's ultra-convenient for recharging my electronic devices before arrival. I often use my iPhone for Apple Music.
Are the rates attractive?
Air Caraïbes ticket prices
I list below the price categories for Air Caraïbes tickets:
Air Caraïbes Eco Class prices
Eco class price Premium Air Caraïbes
Air Caraïbes Madras prices
How to get the best price?
I can assure you that Air Caraïbes is always looking to offer its passengers the best fares. A good proportion travel for affinity tourism (visiting family, rejuvenation).
The longer you wait to reserve a date in high demand, the higher the rates. Just like train tickets.
In normal circumstances (excluding pandemics, inflation and the war against Ukraine), demand is already high for the high season, so don't be surprised.
If you book at the right time, you'll benefit from a competitive fare on Air Caraïbes.
Air Caraïbes baggage allowance
Baggage allowance according to your fare
| Cabin baggage | Hold luggage | |
|---|---|---|
| SOLEIL BASIC | 12 kilos | not included - you may pay extra for checked baggage |
| SOLEIL SMART | 12 kilos | 1 baggage item weighing 23 kilos |
| SOLEIL FLEX | 12 kilos | 1 baggage item weighing 23 kilos |
| CARAIBES SMART | 12 kilos | 2 pieces of luggage weighing 23 kilos |
| CARAIBES FLEX | 12 kilos | 2 pieces of luggage weighing 23 kilos |
| MADRAS SMART | 12 kilos | 2 pieces of luggage weighing 32 kilos |
| MADRAS FLEX | 12 kilos | 2 pieces of luggage weighing 32 kilos |
Excess baggage on long-haul flights
For overweight
A fee of €50 per bag is charged for baggage exceeding 23 kilos, but not exceeding 32 kilos per bag. Make your request before arriving at the airport. Go to the Air Caraïbes website in the Manage my reservation section.
For a larger size
A fee of €50 per bag is charged if the bag is longer than 158 cm (sum of width, length and height). Requests to reserve oversized baggage must be made to the airline at least 48 hours in advance.
For excess baggage
More information on company website.
Why check in online before arriving at the airport? To choose your seat, check in your baggage in advance and pay a supplement if necessary.
Air Caraïbes staff, one of the airline's key assets
Experienced staff
I've worked in the airline industry, and therefore with this company, for several years. I guarantee that staff face many challenges. There are so many procedures to be applied in the airline business, specific to the destinations served by Air Caraïbes.
It's not easy at all. When you travel with Air Caraïbes, you're guaranteed to have staff who know the process inside out.
A committed workforce
Air Caraïbes employees are committed to their company and the destinations it serves.
On the ground, on board, every effort is made to provide the best possible experience for every customer with the means at their disposal. After that, we're human, and there can be exceptions.
ANECDOTE: Following my Master's degree, before working for Apple and returning a few years later as Customer Experience Innovation Manager at Air Caraïbes, I worked as a counter agent at their Paris branch. Today, I'm really glad I had this experience. It taught me a lot about airline procedures and this not-so-easy job. It's a profession that lets you experience the reality on the ground, far from the glitz and glamour. I had to work non-stop for days on end, serving several customers, some of them furious. It's a real learning experience.
This experience enabled me to understand many subtleties as a tourism professional, but also gave me the opportunity to better understand the expectations of an air traveler.
An elegant crew
You'll love the uniform proudly worn by the cabin crew, with its traveler tree logo, and the subtle touch of Madras on the scarf.
The company West Indians love to keep
In Martinique and Guadeloupe, the company is naturally very present. It supports numerous local initiatives and has been heavily involved in cultural and sporting events appreciated by the Antilles population since its very beginnings.
You might even bump into a celebrity on your flight. For example, the members of the legendary group Kassav or Clémence Botino.
Payment methods
There's plenty to choose from.
On the company website
Visa and Mastercard, American Express, PayPal, payment in instalments in 3x or 4x possible with your bank card thanks to our reliable partner Oney.
At the point of sale
Visa, Mastercard, American Express credit cards.
At the Paris branch, you can also pay in 2, 3 or 4 instalments, using vacation vouchers, cheques or cash.
Where to book the best Air Caraïbes fares?
Reservations can be made in several ways:
On the Air Caraïbes website
Son their websiteHere you'll find all the information you need, plus a range of payment options.
Flight comparison services
You can compare airfares on this flight comparator. This allows you to scan all offers sold online
An Air Caraïbes agency
Several points of sale:
In your favourite travel agency
For example, Voyage Antillais in Paris and Billet Discount are well-known agencies for the sale of tickets to the French West Indies and French Guiana. I can't give you my opinion on them, but I always recommend that you buy your plane tickets directly from the company's website or from one of its direct agencies.
Vos questions fréquentes sur Air Caraïbes
From experience, I can tell you that the cheapest way is to go to one of the company's agencies if you live in a city with one of its sales outlets: Paris, Orly, Aéroport Pointe-à-Pitre, Aéroport Fort-de-France and all others listed on this page.
Alternatively, you can reach them by phone on 0 820 835 835. This is a chargeable number.
Vous pouvez les contacter uniquement pour faire une réclamation après un vol. Si vous n’avez pas encore voyagé, je vous invite à vous rapprocher d’un point de vente ou de la centrale de réservation pour tenter de trouver une solution (sans vous énerver 😄).
I recommend this site Flightradar24.com ou son application que j’utilise depuis des années. Vous pouvez y suivre chaque vol TX ainsi que les autres compagnies aériennes.
Online, on this page. I recommend it for miles.
Oui ils sont identiques, c’est la taille de l’écran qui évolue selon la cabine réservée.
I hope this article gives you a clearer and more general idea of my opinion of Air Caraïbes, and what it can offer you in terms of experience.
As you can imagine, I'm one of the many passengers making the Paris Antilles/Guyane transatlantic route who support Air Caraïbes. It is the airline that best represents our archipelago for its values, its colors and the quality of its on-board service.
For other more specific articles on each cabin: you can read my review of the Madras class in this article, the Caraïbes class in this article and Air Caraïbes' Soleil class in this article.
See you soon,
xoxo, Viviane
J'ai créé ce guide après avoir exploré chaque recoin de l'archipel où je vis. Mes meilleures adresses confidentielles locales, les spots authentiques loin des sentiers battus, et tout ce que les guides classiques ne disent pas.
🎁 Offerts : accès à vie au club membre, Bingo Cards et livret d'adresses confidentielles. Disponible en français — mis à jour régulièrement.
Français 
English
Bonjour la communauté,
Attention, à l’aéroport de Guadeloupe et avec AIR CARAÏBES, les poids et taille des bagages cabines + sac à main sont vérifiés. La somme des deux sacs ne doivent pas être supérieure à 12kilos. Vérification effectuée avant le contrôle d’identité avec PAF.
Bonjour, je viend de voir que les dimensions du bagage cabine sont 55×35×20
Je viens d’acheter un bagage cabine Delsey, quand même une des plus grandes marques et elle fait 40 de large.
Étant originaire de Guadeloupe J’ai maintes fois par le passé avec une valise de 42 ce qui n’a jamais posé de problème!
Que devons-nous faire est-ce que la politique de Air Caraïbes est très strict, à quelques centimètres près?
Le personnel ou check-in fait le t-il preuve de compréhension, de flexibilité vu cette faible différence ( ce n’est certainement pas cela qui empêchera de mettre ce bagage au-dessus de tête vu que ce qui apporte c’est la hauteur du bagage qui doit être plus court que la profondeur du compartiment sinon il ne serait pas possible de le fermer et là je comprends bien que ça ne pourrait pas passer en bagage.cabine.
Merci pour votre réponse rapide.
Bien à vous
Ps votre site edt très bien fait, chapeau!
Qu’en est-il du gabarit un aéroport, est-il vraiment ajusté à 35 cm où il y a-t-il quand même une petite marche pour pouvoir rentrer la valise ?
, Pensez-vous qu’une valise de 40 pourrait-il rentrer
Hello,
Tout d’abord, merci beaucoup pour votre retour sur notre site. On fait de notre mieux ☺️
Concernant votre question, je ne peux malheureusement pas m’engager, une valise cabine se voit en général en un coup d’oeil pour la compagnie donc non elle ne va pas mesurer les bagages cabine de chaque passager, ça c’est certain.
Si une valise cabine visuellement semble dépasser la taille « habituelle », oui l’agent prendra le temps de la mesurer mais je n’ai jamais vécu cela, et vous semblez dire que votre valise vous a toujours suivi en cabine, est conçu pour cela.
Air Caraïbes s’engage à faire vivre une expérience agréable à tous les passagers, et non pas à les « embêter ». Après, je vous partage mon expérience, bien sûr, cela n’engage pas la compagnie qui peut faire évoluer ses pratiques dans le temps 🙂 Je fais souvent l’aller/retour en Paris et PTP, donc je m’appuie sur cela.
J’en profite pour vous souhaiter un excellent vol avec Air Caraïbes, et n’oubliez pas de prendre leur carte de fidélité gratuite Préférence qui vaut le coup pour cumuler des miles avec la compagnie.
A bientôt bon séjour ressourçant,
Viviane
Hello,
Thank you for your article on Air Caraibes.
I have a question for which I can't find an answer anywhere.
I've booked a return ticket from Paris to Fort de France for 5 people (2 adults, a 12-year-old teenager, 2 children aged 3 and 5). I haven't reserved any seats, but can we be sure that our children will be seated next to us?
Thank you in advance for your clarifications.
Hello,
I apologize for my late reply.
Without reserving your seats, especially on busy dates, there is unfortunately no guarantee that you will be placed next to each other, hence the importance of reserving your seats in advance with the paid option. I've already experienced several flights where large families are not seated side by side.
If you can't book with the supplement in advance, I strongly advise you to arrive at the start of check-in to increase your chances of being side by side. The later you arrive at check-in, the fewer options you'll have, bearing in mind that many people book their seats online in advance with the supplement.
Good preparation,
See you soon on our website,
Viviane
Hello Viviane,
Congratulations on your site and on sharing your experience.
We've booked tickets in SOLEIL BASIC class to join some friends. In the meantime, my mom has broken her femur, and I'd really like to get back to Metropolitan France sooner to be of service to her. I have a 300€ penalty (for my husband and me). Of course I can justify his accident. What can I do to avoid this substantial sum?
Thank you very much.
Yours sincerely
Isabelle
Hello Isabelle,
First of all, I wish you a wonderful year 2023! I apologize for my late reply.
Unfortunately, there's nothing the airline can do. If you paid for your plane ticket with your credit card, I advise you to contact your credit card insurer to find out what cover your card provides! Depending on the card and the insurer, there may be some pleasant surprises. Otherwise, I recommend that you pay the penalty as soon as possible, as it may increase with a fare readjustment if the flight fills up.
Don't hesitate to ask,
We look forward to hearing from you,
Viviane
Hello Viviane,
First of all, best wishes for the New Year.
I need some advice on choosing seats on air caraïbes.
We're off to Martinique.
My husband (measuring 1m94) is afraid he won't have enough legroom and wants to take a seat near the emergency exits, but my children are crying because they won't be next to their daddy!
How can we satisfy everyone?
Thank you in advance.
Marie
Hello Marie,
Best wishes too!
Sorry for my late reply! We had to fix a technical bug for comments, it's now OK! 🙂
For Air Caraïbes, the ideal solution would be to reserve seats in the first row for everyone. Or you could reserve the rows of two for the family (I don't know how many of you there are in total), so that each adult sits with a child and can stretch out his legs at an angle. Unfortunately, if they don't want to pay the supplement for the Intermediate Eco Premium class (Caribbean), it's going to be complicated. Note that a few hours before the flight, there are often offers to request a cheaper upgrade if the flight isn't full! I hope I've shed some light on the subject.
See you soon Marie and enjoy your stay with your little family!
Viviane